Identification of TMAO producer phenotype and hostdietgut dysbiosis by carnitine challenge test in human and germ free mice Gut Butyrobetaine Is a Proatherogenic Intermediate in Gut Microbial Metabolism of L Carnitine to TMAO ScienceDirect PDF] Trimethylamine N Oxide, the Microbiome, and Heart and Kidney Disease. Semantic Scholar Gut Microbiome Derived Metabolite Trimethylamine N Oxide Induces Aortic Stiffening and Increases Systolic Blood Pressure With Aging in Mice and Humans Hypertension JCI l Carnitine in omnivorous diets induces an atherogenic gut microbial pathway in humans