Early research into L carnitine was often cited as underwhelming, showing negligible changes in muscle carnitine content and fat loss outcomes. However, these findings may have been limited by a short study window JCI l Carnitine in omnivorous diets induces an atherogenic gut microbial pathway in humans Combined protective effects of oligo fucoidan, fucoxanthin, and L carnitine on the kidneys of chronic kidney disease mice ScienceDirect Carnitine and hemodialysis American Journal of Kidney Diseases Rethinking the regulation of l carnitine transport in skeletal muscle cells. Focus on "Multiple AMPK activators inhibit l carnitine uptake in C2C12 skeletal muscle myotubes". Semantic Scholar