Intestinal microbiota metabolism of l carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis Nature Medicine Intestinal microbiota metabolism of l carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis Nature Medicine Gut Microbiota and Ischemic Stroke: The Role of Trimethylamine N Oxide Unraveling the Formation Mechanisms of Trimethylamine N Oxide and Its Inhibition by Food Ingredients: Toward Cardioprotective Food Development Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Trimethylamine N oxide (TMAO) is a small molecule produced in humans primarily by the gut liver axis and has become an important biomarker, and possible mediator, of cardiometabolic and renal disease. Dietary choline, phosphatidylcholine (